Research on insulation technology of high voltage electrical equipment

High-voltage electrical equipment refers to electrical equipment with a voltage level higher than 1000 volts (V). It is mainly used for the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. These equipment include transformers, high-voltage switches, circuit breakers, insulators and cables. According to different application areas, high-voltage electrical equipment can be divided into power generation equipment, transmission equipment and distribution equipment. Power generation equipment is usually used in power stations, transmission equipment is responsible for long-distance power transmission, and distribution equipment distributes electricity to end users. High-voltage electrical equipment plays a vital role in the power system to ensure the safe and reliable supply of electricity.

1. Selection of insulation materials

In high-voltage electrical equipment, the selection of insulation materials is crucial and directly affects the performance and safety of the equipment. Commonly used insulation materials include polymers, ceramics, and paper materials. Polymers, such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, are widely used in cables and insulators due to their excellent electrical insulation and corrosion resistance; ceramic materials have excellent high temperature and arc resistance and are often used in high-voltage switchgear; paper insulation materials are widely used in transformers and have good electrical properties and mechanical strength. When selecting insulation materials, it is necessary to comprehensively consider their electrical, mechanical, and environmental adaptability to ensure the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

2. Insulation structure design

Insulation structure design is another important aspect of insulation technology for high-voltage electrical equipment. Taking transformers as an example, their insulation structure design usually adopts multi-layer insulation to enhance the ability to withstand high voltages and reduce the concentration of electric field strength. Modern transformers usually use composite insulation materials, such as paper-oil insulation systems, which combine excellent electrical and thermal properties to effectively prevent arcing and leakage, while having good heat dissipation capabilities.

3. Insulation performance test

Periodic insulation performance test is an important means to ensure that the insulation performance of high-voltage electrical equipment is in good condition. Common insulation performance tests include withstand voltage test and insulation resistance test. These tests can timely detect problems such as aging and damage of insulation materials, so that corresponding measures can be taken to repair or replace them to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.

Development Trends of Insulation Technology

With the advancement of science and technology, the insulation technology of high-voltage electrical equipment is also developing continuously. Here are some major development trends:

Research and development of new insulation materials: With the continuous advancement of materials science, new insulation materials such as nanocomposites and high molecular polymers are constantly emerging. These materials have excellent insulation properties, high temperature resistance and mechanical strength, and are expected to play an important role in future power systems.

Application of intelligent technology: The development of intelligent technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data has provided new means for insulation monitoring and maintenance of high-voltage electrical equipment. By real-time monitoring of equipment status and predicting failure risks, accurate management and optimized operation of the power system can be achieved. For example, sensors are used to monitor insulation status and early warning systems to achieve real-time monitoring and maintenance.