What Is The Difference Between Voltage And Current

dry-type-transformer

Voltage and current are the most basic quantities in the basis of electricity and are also important parameters of transformers. Voltage refers to the energy that electrons have as they flow through a circuit. Current is the flow of electrons through a circuit and is the moving speed of electrons. In a transformer, the role of voltage and current is to convert electrical energy into magnetic energy, and then convert magnetic energy into electrical energy, so as to achieve the rise and fall of voltage. In a transformer, the relationship between voltage and current is a direct manifestation of the principles of electromagnetic induction and energy conservation.

Voltage relationship

Voltage definition:

The voltage in a transformer refers to the potential difference between the two ends of the winding, which reflects the ability of the electric field force to do work on the charge.

Voltage relationship formula:

In an ideal transformer, the voltage relationship is U1: U2=N1: N2, where U1 and U2 are the voltage of the primary and secondary coils respectively and N1 and N2 are the number of turns of the primary and secondary coils respectively.

Voltage change:

When the current in the primary coil changes, an alternating magnetic flux will be generated in the core. This magnetic flux will pass through the primary coil and the secondary coil, thereby generating an induced electromotive force in the secondary coil and achieving a voltage transformation.

Current relationship

Current definition:

The current in a transformer refers to the amount of charge flowing in the winding, which reflects the electric field force pushing the charge.

Current relationship formula:

· In an ideal transformer, the current relationship is not directly determined by the turn ratio, but by the principle of energy conservation. That is, the input power is equal to the output power, P1=P2, thus I1 U1=I2 U2 I1 and I2 are the current of the primary and secondary coils, respectively.

· Combined with the voltage relationship formula, the relationship between the current and the number of turns can be obtained: I1: I2=N2: N1 (only in an ideal case and without considering the loss).

dry-type-transformer

Current change:

When the load in the secondary coil changes, the current in the secondary coil will change accordingly. This change will be fed back to the original coil through the magnetic field, causing a change in the current in the original coil.

The basic principle of a transformer

The basic principle of a transformer is to use mutual inductance to achieve power transmission. When one side of a transformer is energized, an alternating magnetic field is established in its windings. Since the magnetic field lines are connected, this magnetic field will also pass through the windings of the transformer and produce a voltage. When a conductor in the winding on the other side approaches, it will be affected by the magnetic field of the transformer, thereby generating an induced electromotive force, causing current to flow. In this way, the transmission of electrical energy is achieved.

Precautions in practical application

Voltage and current matching:

When using a transformer, it is necessary to ensure that the input voltage and current match the rating of the transformer to avoid overload and damage.

Turn ratio of winding:

The ratio of turns of the winding determines the voltage conversion ratio. In practical applications, it is necessary to select the appropriate turn ratio according to the desired voltage conversion ratio.

Transformer loss:

Transformer in the working process will produce a certain loss, including copper loss and iron loss. These losses can lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the transformer and an increase in temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to heat dissipation and loss reduction measures when using transformers.