What is a transformer core and what are the classifications and functions of windings?

The transformer core is the core part of the transformer. It is made of high magnetic permeability materials. Its main function is to conduct magnetic flux and improve the magnetic permeability of the transformer, thereby effectively realizing the transmission and conversion of electrical energy.

The core and coils (windings) are the basic components of a transformer

 

 

 

The core of a transformer can generally be divided into the following two categories:

(1) Shell core. This kind of iron core is generally rectangular in cross-section, and each core column has two side yokes. Because the iron core is surrounded by the windings like a shell, it is called shell type. The chip size of the shell core is small, the core is easy to fasten, and the side iron yoke helps to reduce additional losses caused by leakage flux. Shell-type cores are also divided into single-phase and three-phase. The three-phase shell-type can be regarded as consisting of three independent single-phase shell-type transformers placed side by side.

 

(2) Core type iron core. The cross-section of this kind of core column is a graded cylindrical shape, and the winding surrounds the core column, so it is called core type, also known as inner iron type. This type of core has many chip specifications and requires higher binding and clamping requirements. However, the winding is cylindrical, easy to wind, has good short-circuit stability, and the insulation between the winding and the core is also easy to handle, so it is Wide range of applications. At present, the transformers produced in my country generally use core-type iron cores.

 

Transformers are manufactured based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The iron core is the magnetic circuit of the transformer. It is processed and stacked from silicon steel sheets with good magnetic permeability, so that magnetic flux can easily pass through the iron core for electromagnetic induction. The main function of the iron core is to act as a medium for electric energy conversion. Through its cooperation with the number of winding turns, the output voltage of the transformer can be increased or decreased. At the same time, the iron core is also the skeleton of the transformer, which houses the windings and supports the leads, wooden clamps, tap changers and other components.

 

Improve magnetic permeability: One of the main functions of the transformer core is to increase magnetic permeability. The high magnetic permeability of the core allows magnetic flux to pass through it more easily, allowing higher flux density to be achieved for a given magnetic field. This helps reduce the size and weight of the transformer.

 

Reduce magnetic resistance: The presence of the transformer core reduces the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit, thereby reducing the potential energy loss of the magnetic field. Reducing reluctance helps improve the efficiency of the transformer.

 

Concentrated magnetic flux: The transformer core helps to concentrate the magnetic flux on a certain path to avoid the loss of magnetic flux and improve the integrity of the magnetic circuit.

 

Reduce magnetic leakage induction: By properly designing the core structure, the magnetic leakage induction can be reduced, making the transformer more efficient.

 

Improve the response speed of the transformer: The high magnetic permeability of the iron core enables the transformer to respond more quickly to changes in current and voltage, improving the dynamic performance of the transformer.

 

Reduce iron loss and eddy current loss: Properly designed iron core structure can reduce eddy current and iron loss in the iron core and improve the energy efficiency of the transformer.

 

Adjust the electrical characteristics of the transformer: By rationally designing parameters such as the cross-sectional area of the iron core and the number of turns of the coil, the electrical characteristics of the transformer can be adjusted to meet specific application requirements.

 

Overall, the transformer core is a key component of the transformer and plays a vital role in the transmission and conversion of electrical energy. Its design and selection directly affect the performance and efficiency of the transformer.